Archives for What Works for English Language Learners

What is the Right Question?


Many educators understand the impact of asking questions. However, many educators may not be asking higher-order questions soon enough! As soon as the student walks into the classroom an educator can seize this opportunity to grab the student’s attention through questioning.

Asking the Right Question!

Simple enough, a teacher can write a thought-provoking question on the board for students to respond to in a discussion or in a journal. I had my high school English language learners (ELLs) respond to several questions throughout the year in daily journals and collected these every other Friday. This practice significantly improved their writing scores on the SATs. In my adult classes we tend to go the discussion route.

However, asking the right questions takes some forethought.

  • The Bloom’s Levels of Taxonomy provide a basis for asking questions.
  • Additionally, the teacher should connect the questioning to the lesson objectives and the topic.
  • Figure out what you would like your question to accomplish!
    • For example, I knew that my online class about RSS readers would confuse some students. Therefore, my goal was to connect the students’ prior experiences with the new information. I decided to question the students about their experiences subscribing to a magazine and use this experience to subscribing to a feed. Below is a poll the students answered as soon as they entered the classroom.
  • Student Poll

Make it Fun!

Several applications make the answering process quite enjoyable for students.

What Makes You Laugh first question

Your boot camp challenge for this week:

Take the summer to find ways to develop higher-order questions for your lessons! Be creative and share your experience with us!

Do you have a tip for teachers on ways technology has improved the learning in your classroom? Please, contact me to have that idea featured on a future What Works Wednesday post!

Building the Lesson Wall

While gathering materials for this post, I was distracted by photographs, Power Points, and videos of my teaching experiences in the US. I miss those days of teaching to a room full of 30 students. I miss chaperoning proms and attending sports games, awards ceremonies, and so forth. Now, I enjoy much smaller classrooms. The adults and children I teach make me proud, but I only get to spend a limited time with them.

End of the Year

The end of the school year has arrived for many of you! Therefore, I bet you can empathize with saying good-bye to another group of students you managed to put your magic touch upon! In honor of your achievement to once again positively influence lives, I would like you to join me in building a memorial in the form of a wall of your names and favorite lessons. These lessons are the ones in which you witnessed the students shine, outdo themselves, come out of their shells, and enjoy the learning journey. Any visitors to this wall will be able to use these wonderful ideas in their classrooms.

Building the Wall

The instructions are simple:

  • Double click on any part of the WallWisher Favorite Lessons wall and a sticky note will appear.
  • In 160 words or less describe one of your favorite lessons, with some of the following information:
    • the grade level
    • the subject matter
    • what the students enjoyed about the lesson
  • Attach a link to an image, video, VoiceThread, blog, Glogster, podcast, web site, or document that represents your lesson.
  • Feel free to add more than one favorite lesson or add an additional sticky note with more links.

You can also post on a larger view of the wall!

This idea was inspired by two other WallWisher walls. Please stop by and visit Nik Peachey’s incredible wall of Web 2.0 Tools for Teachers and Ana Maria’s fascinating wall of Favorite Films.

Your boot camp challenge for this week:

Explore the wall!

Do you have a strategy for helping English Language Learners in the classroom? Please, contact me to have your idea featured in an upcoming post!


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Wait! Don’t Tell Me!

When you ask your students a question, do they have enough time to respond? Studies suggest that many teachers do not allow enough time for students to go through the cognitive process of forming a correct response to questions. Let’s assume that you are an educator who asks higher level questions. How long did you take to create the questions and ensure the questions were assessing higher-order thinking skills? The process of developing the question takes time and answering a thought-provoking question also takes time.

Think Time

According to one of the most prolific researchers on the subject, Stahl (1994), the student needs enough time to:

  • process the question
    • the student evaluates the vocabulary and wording
    • the student decodes verbal and nonverbal cues from the teacher
  • form the correct response
    • the student has to reflect upon prior experience and knowledge
    • the student evaluates how the question relates to the context

The cognitive process is quite busy! Good job in exercising your students’ brains! Now, you just have to let them ponder over the question by remaining silent for at least five seconds.

Benefits

When teachers give their students time to answer, researchers have seen the following benefits:

  • an increase in the amount of correct answers
  • an increase in the length of responses
  • an increase in responses from students at lower-levels
  • more interaction between students
  • a decrease in no answers and “I don’t know” responses
  • an increase in standardized test scores

English Language Learners (ELLs) especially benefit from this wait-time. ELLs often need more time to process the language than what most teachers give them. Many teachers think that the ELL does not understand the question. However, the student may just be translating the question or determining the correct wording for forming the question. In the mainstream classroom, the ELL may feel apprehensive of making mistakes in front of their peers. Please note, though, that there is a silent period transition for ELLs who first come to the country or have no English language experience.

Enjoy this short video which demonstrates the technique and benefits in action!

Your boot camp challenge for this week:

Wait at least five to seven seconds after asking your children/students a question before you respond! Record your experience in your blog or in a journal.

Do you have a strategy that works for you in educating English Language Learners in the classroom?  Please, contact me to have that strategy featured on the next What Works Wednesday blog!


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Thought-provoking Discussion: Cooperation vs. Competition

Recently, I received a pleasant surprise in my mail box in the form of a very informative and thought-provoking comment from Anne Hodgson in response to my blog, What Works: Cooperation vs. Competition. I had so much I wanted to respond to and thought the Voice Thread format would certainly enliven the conversation. I would love to hear about your personal experiences with using cooperative learning. Do you think competition can be healthy? Do you think society puts too much pressure on students to achieve?

World Map Photo by Su-Laine licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic.

Please let me know if you would like to discuss any other topics on Thought-provoking Thursdays!

Visit Anne Hodgson’s blog for more insights on her teaching methods!


What Works: Cooperation vs. Competition

Many of you may be acquainted with Alfie Kohn’s radical views on creating a noncompetitive classroom environment. When I first read his controversial views on education, I shook my head and rolled my eyes. This response was in reflection of some of my teaching habits. Yes, I reward students with external awards, such as stickers, prizes, and grades.

Kohn’s theories also made me reflect upon my educational practices. Self-reflection is the first step to change!

Bùùùùù! by Max-B

Photo by Max-B licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic.

My Comedy of Errors

At the time, I co-taught at an English camp for German speaking children. The class consisted of 20 children between the ages of six- to seven-years-old who spoke and understood very little English. On the first day, I received a less than warm welcome. The children ran around the classroom flying paper airplanes. They climbed the walls! They ignored me, since I knew as much German as they knew English. The worst part of the week was that one little boy was treated as an outcast and the children were quite cruel to him. We experienced many behavior problems. Everyday, fights occurred.

The second year I was asked to help at the English camp again. This time I decided to try Kohn’s idea to make the classroom more cooperative versus competitive.

The Transition

First, I set-up learning stations and group work areas. Then, I put the students into groups of three. Since we were learning about Native Americans,these small groups represented their tribes. Each student was given a role and responsibility in the tribe. Each day the tribe was given a mission. Furthermore, we only played cooperative learning games and activities. My co-teacher looked at me strangely when we played the cooperative learning version of musical chairs! However, the children enjoyed this much better than the original version.

My Growth

This experience in a cooperative learning environment was one of my best teaching experiences. The children learned English. We experienced no behavior problems, no fighting, and no cruelty. Instead, the children helped each other. At the end of the camp, I actually received hugs from all the children. They wanted to return the next year!

Your boot camp challenge for this week:

Reflect upon yourself as an educator, by taking this teacher effectiveness quiz. Ponder the results. Can you improve in any area?

Do you have a teaching strategy, tip, or lesson that caters to diverse learning styles in the classroom, including English Language Learners?  Please, include a comment!

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